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Title
RiPPLE - Community-led total
sanitation (CLTS) across
the seas
Abstract
This paper tracks the origins of CLTS and highlights its key tenets. It discusses how it spread from
Bangladesh to other countries in Asia and the African continent and asks whether initial success has
led to the generation of myths about the extent to which the approach really generates ODF
communities. It discusses challenges concerning monitoring and evaluation and going to scale and
issues of social, technological and institutional sustainability. It also looks at what is happening to the
poorest and to women who are supposed to benefit most from CLTS as well as cultural beliefs and
taboos around sanitation (for example, in many countries it is not appropriate for women to use the
same toilets as their fathers-in law). The paper then focuses in depth on Ethiopia.
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